Printable Key for African rhythms as notated by Malcolm Smith

X = loud bell/block/clave/shekere  x = quiet bell/block/clave/shekere
K = Kenkeni (high pitch Dun Dun)   k = trapped/closed* Kenkeni
G = Sangban (mid pitch Dun Dun)    g = trapped/closed* Sangban
D = Dununba (low pitch Dun Dun)    d = trapped/closed* Dununba
B = drum bass                      b = drum bass flam ("bdum")
O = drum open tone                 o = drum open tone flam ("plum")
C = drum closed* tone              c = drum closed* tone flam
S = drum slap                      s = drum slap flam
E = drum edge tone ("ping")        e = drum edge tone flam ("pling")
M = drum muted** tone              p = drum bass+tone flam
W = drum slap + wave :-)           r = right (/main) hand
Z = trapped/closed* slap           l = left (/other) hand
F = flam (main then other hand)    f = flam (other then main hand)
t = touch/tip/ghost/timing note    h = heel (conga timing note)
. = rest (or ghost/timing note)    | = bar line
- = sustain the previous note      : = repeat
_ = slur from one pitch to another ' = breathe here
> = accent                         + = continue onto next line
$ = start here                     @ = end here
                                _3_                            __6___
Triplets can be written as S3 = SSS   and sextuplets as O3O3 = OOOOOO
Double slaps are written as 2 = [SS]  and double tones are @ = [OO]

*tone to be damped by leaving the hitting hand/beater stuck on the drum
**keep heel of other hand muting tone of main hand, just lift fingers